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The U.S. correctional system is facing critical challenges as the number of incarcerated people continues to grow. At the end of 2006, there were nearly 2.26 million inmates in state, federal, and local correctional facilities, a rate of 751 inmates per 100,000 U.S. residents.1 This is a record high for the U.S. and is the highest incarceration rate in the world.2 For the first time, more than one in every 100 adults in America is now confined in a jail or prison.3 Such high rates of incarceration have far-reaching implications for the health and well-beingnof families, communities, and society at large. The increasing size of the incarcerated population also has serious cost implications for the healthcare infrastructure, particularly since the cost of medical care in the U.S. is now more than seven times higher than it was in 1980.4

Issue Brief: HIV in Correctional Settings: Implications for Prevention and Treatment Policy (pages: 12)

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